Introduction to Critical Discourse Analysis [CDA]

Understanding Critical Discourse Analysis

Abstract

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) deconstructs how language interacts with social structures and power dynamics. It delves deeper than the surface meaning of words, exploring how communication reflects and reinforces social inequalities. This article unpacks the core of CDA: "Critical" refers to its questioning and analytical nature, challenging assumptions and revealing underlying power imbalances. "Discourse" encompasses all forms of communication, including written, spoken, and social practices like rituals and media, all carrying cultural and ideological weight. "Analysis" involves systematically examining language use to uncover hidden agendas and power relations embedded within communication.

CDA operates on two key levels. The micro level analyzes the specific use of language in various contexts, for instance, the contrasting vocabulary used in casual conversation versus rituals. The macro level examines the broader social and ideological forces influencing discourse, focusing on issues like gender inequality and media bias. By bridging these micro and macro levels, CDA offers a comprehensive understanding of how discourse reflects and perpetuates power structures within society. This approach highlights how seemingly neutral language choices can be embedded with social and ideological agendas.